A New Perspective: From a Single Engineering Project to a Basin-Wide Hydrological System
NGÔ THẾ VINH
Introduction: Two years after the groundbreaking ceremony on 5 August 2024, construction of the Funan Techo Canal continues in phased sections, while the approximately 180-kilometer canal remains far from completion. This article argues that the project should not be viewed merely as an inland navigation canal. Rather, it represents a multi-purpose water management system whose long-term operation may alter flood dynamics, sediment transport, and saline intrusion throughout the Lower Mekong Basin, particularly in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. The author further contends that the project raises serious questions regarding compliance with Article 5 of the 1995 Mekong Agreement. Cambodia classified the Funan Techo Canal as a project located on a tributary, thereby submitting it only under the Notification procedure instead of the mandatory Prior Consultation process required by the Procedures for Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement (PNPCA). In reality, however, the canal is designed to draw water directly from both the Mekong River and the Bassac River, the two principal distributaries of the Lower Mekong, before discharging into the Gulf of Thailand. From this perspective, the project constitutes an inter-basin water diversion with potential transboundary implications extending beyond Cambodia's national territory. Avoiding the obligations of Article 5 weakens not only the institutional authority of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) but also risks establishing a precedent whereby future basin-wide projects could circumvent the cooperative framework established under the 1995 Mekong Agreement. Prime Minister Hun Manet has described the canal as both a birthday gift to his father, former Prime Minister Hun Sen, and as a new national legacy of the Khmer Kingdom. Cambodian officials have even compared the project to China's historic Grand Canal. Yet the larger questions remain unresolved. What economic and environmental costs will ultimately be borne by the Cambodian people? How might the project reshape Cambodia's relationship with Vietnam? And what consequences could emerge for the ecological future of the Lower Mekong Basin? This article therefore calls for a fundamental shift in perspective: away from viewing the Funan Techo Canal as an isolated engineering work, toward recognizing it as one component of an interconnected hydrological system. Such a perspective requires Cambodia to comply fully with Article 5 of the Mekong Agreement, disclose complete project data, and conduct comprehensive transboundary environmental impact assessments before the canal enters full operation.

Figure 1: Groundbreaking Ceremony for Section II of the Funan Techo Canal Project, held on 11 April 2026 in Borei Chulsar District, Takeo Province. The ceremony was presided over by Prime Minister Hun Manet, accompanied by Chinese Ambassador Wang Wenbin. Seated in the front row on the red carpet, from left to right, are the Chinese Ambassador to Cambodia, Prime Minister Hun Manet, and Deputy Prime Minister Sun Chanthol, Vice Chairman of the Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC), who oversees national infrastructure and investment. Source: Agence Kampuchea Presse (AKP)
Developments Since the Groundbreaking Ceremony: Progress and Persistent Questions
One of the questions most frequently raised by readers is straightforward:
What is the current status of Cambodia's Funan Techo Canal Project?
This question is particularly timely because two years have now passed since the official groundbreaking ceremony of 5 August 2024, an event staged on an unprecedented national scale. The canal was presented as a flagship megaproject, a symbol of Cambodian national pride, and a legacy closely associated with the Hun family's political leadership. At that time, the Cambodian government confidently announced that the canal would be completed and become operational by 2028.

Figure 2: The groundbreaking ceremony of the Funan Techo Canal at the small village of Prek Takeo, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province, on 5 August 2024, coinciding with Hun Sen's birthday. The ceremony was chaired by his son, Prime Minister Hun Manet. Behind the ceremonial stage stood a giant Khmer-language banner proclaiming: "We Support the Funan Techo Canal." This location marks the beginning of Section I, a canal segment extending more than 20 kilometers, drawing water directly from the Lower Mekong River, upstream of Vietnam's Mekong Delta. Source: Khmer Times, 5 August 2024.
Figure 3: Map of the Funan Techo Canal Project. The canal (red line) diverts water from both distributaries of the Lower Mekong: the Lower Mekong River (light blue), which later becomes Vietnam's Tiền River, and the Bassac River (dark blue), which becomes the Hậu River downstream in the Mekong Delta. Source: Radio Free Asia (RFA)
As of August 2026, two years after the commencement of Section I, it has become evident that the Funan Techo Canal remains in the stage of phased construction, rather than full-scale excavation along its planned 180-kilometeralignment. The available evidence suggests that the project has yet to enter comprehensive construction across the entire route originally envisioned. Based on its current pace, it is increasingly likely that this ambitious undertaking will require substantially more time than initially projected before reaching completion.